Hodgkin's Lymphoma

Splenic Tumors

Traveler's Diarrhea

Renal Tumors

Kallmann Syndrome

Age Associated Changes in ECG

Lung Carcinoma

Microbiology of Infective Endocarditis

Effects of Glucocorticoids

MCQ - Pathognomonic Sign of Measles

The Pathognomonic sign of Measles is ? 

A.   Generalized Rash
B.   Coryza
C.   Koplik Spots  
D.   High Fever 
E.   Lymphadenopathy

Option "C" is the Most Appropriate Answer

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╠  Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 20/e, 246/chap, 1544/p
╠  Goldman-Cecil : Medicine, 25/e, 367/chap, 2202/p
╠  Crush Step 1, 5/chap, 151/p

Esophageal Neoplasm

1. Commonest, Overall, Benign tumor of Esophagus ?: 

Leiomyoma

2. Commonest, Overall, Malignant Tumor of Esophagus ?: 

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

3. Commonest origin for Benign Tumors in Esophagus ?: 

Mesenchymal

4. Commonest origin for Malignant tumors in Esophagus ?: 

Epithelial

5. Commonest Epithelial Malignancy in Esophagus ?: 

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

6. Commonest Mesenchymal Malignancy in Esophagus ?: 

Leiomyosarcoma

7. Commonest, Overall, mesenchymal tumor of Esophagus ?: 

Leiomyoma > Leiomyosarcoma

8. Commonest Superficial Carcinoma of Esophagus ?: 

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

9. Commonest association for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Esophagus ?: 

Alcohol > Smoking

10. Commonest association for Adenocarcinoma of Esophagus ?: 

Chronic GERD (Barrett Esophagus)

11. Commonest association for Adeno-Squamous Carcinoma of esophagus ?: 

Chronic GERD (Barrett Esophagus)

12. Commonest association for Esophageal Adenoma ?: 

Barrett's Metaplasia

13. Commonest variety of Esophageal Melanoma ?: 

Secondary Malignant Melanoma

14. Commonest variety of Primary Esophageal Melanoma ?: 

Amelanotic Melanoma

15. Commonest variety of Esophageal GISTs ?: 

Spindle Cell Tumors

16. Commonest Carcinoma in Upper 1/3rd of Esophagus ?: 

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

17. Commonest carcinoma in middle 1/3rd of Esophagus ?: 

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

18. Commonest carcinoma in lower 1/3rd of Esophagus ?: 

Adenocarcinoma

References

1. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19/e
2. Diagnostic Histopathology of Tumors, 4/e
3. Robbins & Cotran : Pathological Basis of Disease, 9/e
4. Sleisenger & Fordtran's GI & Liver Diseases, 10/e

MCQ - Anorexia Nervosa

Anorexia Nervosa has elevated hormone levels of ? 

A.  GnRH  
B.  Leptin
C.  T4  
D.  Cortisol
E.  All of the above 

Option "D" is the most appropriate answer

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╠    24hr Urine Free Cortisol & Serum Cortisol levels are elevated in Anorexia Nervosa

(But without clinical consequences of hypercortisolism)

╠   GnRH levels are ↓ → Hypothalamic Amenorrhea
╠   Leptin levels are ↓ → due to ↓ mass of Adipose Tissue
╠   Low-normal or ↓ TSH & T4 , ↓T3 & ↑ rT3 → Resembles Euthyroid Sick Syndrome

MCQ - Extrapulmonary TB

The most common site for Extrapulmonary TB is ? 

A.   Meninges  
B.   Pleura  
C.   Lymph Nodes  
D.   Peritoneum  
E.   Pericardium

Option "C" is the Most Appropriate Answer

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Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19/e, 202/chap, 1109/p

Cushing's Syndrome

1. Commonest, Overall, type of Cushing's Syndrome ?: 

Iatrogenic Cushing's Syndrome

2. Commonest Cause of Cushing's Syndrome ?: 

Exogenous Administration of Glucocorticoids

3. Commonest cause of Endogenous Cushing's Syndrome ?: 

Cushing's Disease (ACTH-Dependent Cushing's Syndrome)

4. Commonest cause of Cushing's Disease ?: 

Pituitary Adenoma

5. Commonest Adenomas in Cushing's Disease ?: 

Micro-Adenomas

6. Commonest cause of Endogenous ACTH-Independent Cushing's Syndrome ?: 

Adrenocortical Adenoma

7. Commonest Tumor associated with Ecptopic ACTH production ?: 

Small Cell Carcinoma of Lungs

8. Commonest Carcinoid Tumor associated with Ecptopic ACTH production ?: 

Bronchial Carcinoid

9. Commonest cause of Endogenous Cushing's Syndrome during Infancy and Early Childhood ?: 

Functioning Adrenocortical Tumor

10. Commonest cause of Endogenous Cushing's Syndrome in children >7 years of age ?: 

Cushing's Disease (ACTH-Dependent Cushing's Syndrome)

11. Commonest, Overall, cause of Endogenous Cushing's Syndrome in Children ?: 

Exogenous Administration of Glucocorticoids

12. Commonest clinical feature of Cushing's Syndrome in Children ?: 

Obesity / Overweight

13. Commonest clinical feature of Cushing's Syndrome in Adults ?: 

Decreased Libido

14. Commonest, Overall, clinical feature of Cushing's Syndrome ?: 

Obesity / Overweight

15. Commonest Menstrual Irregularity in Cushing's Syndrome ?: 

Oligomenorrhea

16. Commonest form of Hirsutism in Cushing's Syndrome ?: 

Vellus Hypertrichosis on Face

17. Commonest Pituitary Change in Cushing's Syndrome ?: 

Skrooke Hyaline Change

References
1. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19/e
2. Clinical Rounds in Endocrinology
3. Robbins & Cotran : Pathological Basis of Disease, 9/e
4. Nelson: Textbook of Pediatrics, 20/e
5. Williams Endocrinology, 13/e

MCQ - ADH

Most Potent Stimulus for Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion ? 

A. ↑ Plasma Osmolarity  
B. Hypoxia 
C. ↓ Blood Pressure  
D. Morphine
E. Nausea

Option "E" is the most appropriate answer

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╠ Brenner & Rector's The Kidney, 10/e, 75/chap, 2366/p
╠ Oxford Textbook of Clinical Nephrology, 4/e, 22/chap, 202/p

MCQ - OPPORTUNISTIC infection in HIV-infected Individuals

Commonest OPPORTUNISTIC infection in HIV-infected individuals ? 

A. Pneumocystis jiroveci  
B. Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
C. Streptococcus pneumoniae  
D. Clostridium difficile
E. Bacteroides fragilis

Option "B" is the most appropriate answer

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Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19/e, 226/chap, 1233/p

MCQ - Vitamin K Deficiency

In vitamin K deficient patients, the Earliest finding is ? 

A. Prolongation of PT  
B. Prolongation of APTT 
C. Prolongation in Bleeding Time  
D. ↓↓ in Platelet Count
E. None of the above

Option "A" is the most appropriate answer

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╠ Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19/e, 738/p
╠ Essential Clinical Anesthesia, 10/chap, 67/p

MCQ - Rheumatoid Factor

Rheumatoid Factor is ? 

A.  IgG  
B.  IgA 
C.  IgM 
D.  IgD
E.  IgE

Option "C" is the most appropriate answer

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► RF represents multiple antibodies → MOSTLY IgM → but sometimes IgG or IgA
► All RF antibodies → directed against the Fc fragment of IgG.

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Robbins 9E & Rubin 7E

H. Pylori Infection

RBC Enzyme Defects